What are bollards and what are they used for?

Bollards are short but sturdy vertical posts primarily used for controlling vehicular traffic to prevent ram riding and auto ramming attacks. Commonly installed outside banks, malls, commercial complexes, airports and other places of public importance, the bollards provide the physical strength needed to obstruct vehicles posing a security risk to the protected areas.

What is the objective of bollards?

While the primary objective of bollards improving safety from car ramming, they can also be used to control vehicular movement and increase the aesthetic appeal of the exterior design.

1. Security

Bollards provide safety from distracted and out-of-control vehicles that can hit any building. Also, they create a strong shield against car ramming attacks.

2. Controlled access

The bollards restrict access to designated places like parking, walking path and gallery. In other words, they direct the vehicular traffic to maintain a safe distance from marked areas.

3. Aesthetic value

Vertical bollard posts are also used to increase the aesthetic appeal of the architecture. These are called aesthetic bollards and they are used to add more colors, graphics, and art to the exterior design of buildings.

What are the types of bollards?

There are three main types of bollards

1. Permanent

Fixed at places, these bollards provide a permanent solution to control traffic and improve the aesthetic value of architecture. The material used for making permanent bollards is either stainless steel or concrete.

2. Collapsible

These bollards provide safety to both the site and the vehicles. They collapse on hitting. Vehicles can apply emergency brakes before hitting the collapsible bollards and prevent damage to both the property and the vehicles. Collapsible bollards are largely made of rubber.

3. Removable

These bollards provide the flexibility needed to change location according to the needs. Largely made of plastic, they are more suitable for marking places of working in high traffic areas.

How different components of a mobile jammer work together?

A mobile jammer is a piece of electronic device used for disrupting mobile signals in a given area. It produces powerful signals at the frequency of mobile signals and broadcasts those signals to create a mobile free area within a few seconds of starting.

What is a mobile jammer and how it works?

A portable jamming device could be a pocket-size device with a 10-meter range or it could be a large piece with the 100-meter range of working. A jammer comes with multiple antennas – one each for GSM, 3G, and DCS. 

Important components of a mobile jammer:

• Antenna: It transmits radio signals at a set frequency.

• Voltage-controlled oscillator: It produces the radio signals for transmitting.

• Tuning circuit: It keeps the frequency of the signals under control.

• Noise generator: It produces random sound waves at a specific frequency to disrupt the mobile

        signals in a given range.

• RF amplifier: It boosts the frequency of the radio waves to the point where they disrupt the                  mobile signals.

• Power Supply: It supplies power to the main device.

The signals from the jammer are sent at such a force and within the same frequency that the mobiles become unusable within the range of a jammer. Cell phones are full-duplex devices. It means they use two types of signals – one for receiving and another for making calls. A basic jamming device would disrupt only one of these signals but it would disrupt two-way communication. 

Factors that affect the performance of a jammer

Presence of concrete structures and other obstructions could affect the performance of a jammer to a certain extent. Similarly, tower proximity, humidity, and temperature can also affect the functionality of a jammer. One more thing that can affect the device is its built quality and technology. When fully-functional, it can jam mobile connectivity completely.